Most medical plans provide for regular physical exams and health screenings. It’s a good idea to take advantage of this benefit.

Health screenings are done to prevent serious health problems and to detect disease early, when the disease is more easily cured.

Tests are done to determine the possible presence of a disease or other health problem. Health screenings are often done routinely as a preventive measure, or may be done when there is reason to suspect a particular health problem exists.

Colon cancer is the nation’s secondleading killer of both men and women. Yet, if detected early, colon cancer can be cured. It is much more difficult to cure the disease if the cancer is in the later stages.

Early-stage breast cancer costs about $15,000 to treat, as compared to ten times that amount or $150,000 for a woman with advanced breast cancer.

Only five screening tests are worth administering to every adult: cholesterol, blood pressure (which would include height and weight), fecal occult blood for colorectal cancer, and mammogram and Pap smear for women.

The tests are different depending on your age and sex. Following are some of the recommended screenings from the National Institute of Health - Medline Plus.

The source of this information, updated on 10/30/2007 can be found here: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ ency/article/002125.htm:

* Have your blood pressure checked every 2 years unless it is 120-139/80-89 Hg. Then have it checked every year. Watch for blood pressure screenings in your area. Ask your health care provider if you can stop in to have your blood pressure checked. Check your blood pressure using the automated machines at local grocery stores and pharmacies. If the top number (systolic number) is greater than 130 or the bottom number (diastolic number) is greater than 85, call your doctor. If you have diabetes, heart disease, kidney problems, or certain other conditions, you may need to be monitored more closely.
* Cholesterol screening: Men over age 34 should be checked every 5 years. If you have diabetes, heart disease, kidney problems, or certain other conditions, you may need to be monitored more closely. 
* Dental exam: Go to the dentist every year for an exam and cleaning. 
* Eye exam: If you have vision problems, have an eye exam every 2 years. 
* Immunizations: After age 19, you should have a tetanus-diphtheria and acellular pertussis (TdAP) vaccine as one of your tetanus-diphtheria vaccines one time. You should have a tetanus-diphtheria booster every 10 years. Your doctor may recommend other immunizations if you are high-risk for certain conditions such as pneumonia.
* Men: Testicular exam: Men should perform a monthly testicular self-exam. If you are not sure what you should be looking for, contact your health care provider for instruction. 
* Physical exam: You should have two physical exams in your 20s. During the first exam, ask to have your cholesterol checked. Other blood tests are not indicated in healthy young people. Your height and weight should be checked at every exam. * Women: Breast self-exam: Women should perform a monthly breast selfexam. If you are not sure what you should be looking for, contact your health care provider for instruction. * Women: Pelvic exam and Pap smear: Women should have a pelvic exam and Pap smear every 1 to 2 years to check for cervical cancer, depending on the technique. Screening should start within 3 years after having vaginal intercourse or by age 21. If you are over age 30 or your Pap smears have been negative for 3 years in a row, you may only need a Pap smear every 2 - 3 years. Women who have had a total hysterectomy (uterus or cervix removed) may choose not to have Pap smears. Women who are sexually active should be screened for chlamydia infection. This can be done during a pelvic exam.

* Blood pressure screening: Follow the same guidelines as ages 18-39. Have your blood pressure checked every 2 years unless it is 120-139/80-89 Hg. Then have it checked every year. 
* Cholesterol screening: Men over age 44 should be checked every 5 years. 
* Colon cancer screening: Patients between the ages of 50 and 80 should be screened for colorectal cancer. African Americans need to start screening at age 45. This may involve: A stool guaiac test done every year; Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 3-5 years along with a stool guaiac test; Colonoscopy every 10 years (Patients with risk factors for colon cancer may need a colonoscopy more often.) 
* Dental exam: Go to the dentist every year for an exam and cleaning. 
* Eye exam: Everyone should begin to have regular eye exams every 2 years after the age of 40. Once you turn 45, make sure that you have tonometry done to check for glaucoma. 
* Immunizations: You should receive a flu vaccine every year after the age of 50. Ask your doctor if you should get a vaccine to reduce your risk of pneumonia. You should have a tetanus-diphtheria booster vaccination every 10 years. A shingles or herpes zoster vaccination may be given once after age 60. 
* Physical exam: Have a physical exam every 1 - 5 years. Your height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) should be checked at each exam.
* Men: Prostate exam: Most men aged 50 or older should discuss screening for prostate cancer with their health care provider. African-American males and those with a family history of prostate cancer should start at age 45. Screening tests may include the PSA blood test and a digital rectal examination. 
* Women: Breast exams: Women should examine their breasts every month. A complete breast exam should be done by a health care provider every 3 years for women age 20-30 and every year thereafter. 
* Women: Mammograms: Women over the age of 40 should have a mammogram done every 1 to 2 years depending on risk factors to check for breast cancer. 
* Women: Osteoporosis screening: All postmenopausal women with fractures should have a bone density test (DEXA scan). Women under 65 who have risk factors for osteoporosis should be screened.
* Women: Pelvic exam and Pap smear: Women should have a yearly pelvic exam and Pap smear done to check for cervical cancer and other disorders. If your Pap smears have been negative for 3 years in a row, you may only need a Pap smear every 2 - 3 years. Women who have had a total hysterectomy (uterus or cervix removed) may choose not to have Pap smears. Women who are sexually active should be screened for chlamydia infection. This can be done during a pelvic exam.

* Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening: Men between ages 65 - 75 who have never smoked should have an ultrasound done once to screen for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Others should discuss such screening with their health care providers. 
* Blood pressure screening: Have your blood pressure checked every year. If you have diabetes, heart disease, kidney problems, or certain other conditions, you may need to be monitored more closely. 
* Cholesterol screening: If your cholesterol level is normal, have it rechecked every 3 to 5 years. If you have diabetes, heart disease, kidney problems, or certain other conditions, you may need to be monitored more closely. 
* Colon cancer screening: One of the following screening tests should be done: A stool guaiac test every year; Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 3 - 5 years along with a stool guaiac test; Colonoscopy every 10 years. Note: Patients with risk factors for colon cancer, including long-standing ulcerative colitis, personal or family history of colorectal cancer, or history of large colorectal adenomas may need a colonoscopy more often. 
* Dental exam: Go to the dentist every year. 
* Eye exam: Have an eye exam every 2 years. Make sure your health care provider checks for glaucoma. 
* Hearing test: Have your hearing tested every year. 
* Physical exam: Have a yearly physical exam. With each exam, you should have your height and weight checked.
* Immunizations: If you are over 65, get a pneumococcal vaccine if you have never had before, or if you received one more than 5 years before you turned 65. Get a flu shot every year. Get a tetanus-diphtheria booster every 10 years. A shingles or herpes zoster vaccination may be given once after age 60. 
* Men: Prostate exam: All men should discuss prostate cancer screening with their health care provider. Screening may involves a PSA test or digital rectal exam. 
* Women: Breast exams: Women should examine their breasts every month. A complete breast exam should be done by a health care provider every year. 
* Women: Mammograms: Women should have a mammogram done every 1 to 2 years depending on risk factors to check for breast cancer. 
* Women: Osteoporosis screening: All women should have a bone density test (DEXA scan). Ask your doctor about the proper calcium intake and exercise needed to help prevent osteoporosis. 
* Women: Pelvic exam and Pap smear: Women should have a yearly pelvic exam and Pap smear done to check for cervical cancer and other disorders. If your Pap smears have been negative for 3 years in a row, your doctor may tell you that you only need a Pap smear every 2 - 3 years. Women who have had a total hysterectomy (uterus or cervix removed) may choose not to have Pap smears. If you are over 70 and your Pap smear has been normal for 10 years, or if your test results have been normal for 3 years in a row, you may choose not to have any more Pap smears.